ITECH TALEEM

Animated Gif of class and object C++ class and Object A class is a blue print and combination of Different functions and variables. The  difference between C and C++  is that  C  is a procedural  programming  and does not support classes and objects, while  C++  provide support of Object Oriented Programming(OOP) and classes  therefore  C++  can be called a hybrid language. The variables and functions within a class are called members(variables,functions) of the class. Syntax of C++ Class A class definition starts with the keyword  class. For example, we defined the Student data type using the keyword  class  as follows. class Student { public:   string name; // member variables   int rollNumber; } A public member can be accessed from outside the class anywhere within the scope of the class object. You can also specify the members of a class as  private  o...

Animated Gif of Pass by Reference & Value C++ pass by Reference & value There is two way of accessing values of variables and passing values in function argument, first one is pass by value and second one is pass by reference . Reference variable is another name for a existing variable. Once a reference variable is initialized the reference name may be used to refer to the variable. A reference must be initialized when it is created.You can't have NULL references. You must always be able to assume that a reference is connected to a legitimate piece of storage.Once a reference is initialized to an object, it cannot be changed to refer to another object. & operator use to declare reference variable which is use to store variable value, you can access the value of the variable by using original variable name or by using the reference variable. Syntax of Reference  variable  is very simple //variable initialization int vari = 10; //sim...

Animated Gif of function or methods with parameter C++ function parameters A function  is a set of different statements which is use to perform a specific task. If you want to pass any user value in function arguments then it must declare variables that accept the values of the arguments . These variables are known as   parameters   of the function. compiler knows that every name with () bracket is a function . In this lecture we'll discuss built-in functions and user define functions . functions provided by C++ are called built-in functions Math() ,rand()etc. functions written by programmer In C++ program to perform a specific task depends on programmer requirements like addition between 2 or more numbers are known as User Define functions . functions use to divide and organize our program in different functions which is helpful for finding errors if any appear during programming. we declare a function using return type , function name and p...

Animated Gif of Switch case statement C++ Switch Case Switch case  also know as Decision making statement because it's depend on given condition . Every condition depends on values of variables and we use switch statement to match exact value to execute the specific part of code. we use different case  under switch statement. if any case matches with switch provided value it'll execute only matched case and then break the flow of control toward normal execution. if none of the case matches then default execute. in default we don't need to use break statement. Syntax of Switch case statement is very simple Switch ( condition = 2 ) { case 1:   //case 1 body     break; case 2 :   //case 2 body     break; default :  // default message } Example Switch case #include <iostream>   using namespace std;  int main( ){        int x = 4;   ...

Animated Gif of while loop statement C++ while loop While loop  know as loop making statement because it's depend on given condition  and increment value. while loop execute loop statements multiple times depends on condition and increment . while loop statement execute loop statements while condition is true. while condition becomes false it'll goes out of loop Syntax of while loop  is very simple //variable initialization while ( condition  ) { //loop statemets // increment } Example While #include <iostream>   using namespace std;  int main( ){        int x = 0; //initialization     while (  x < 4  ){ // condition          cout << " Value of x =  "<<  x << endl ;         x++ ;  //increment     }         cout<<"Out of Loop \n"<<end...

Animated Gif Array in function Parameter C++ Array in Function parameter There is two way of accessing values of variables and passing values in function argument, first one is pass by value and second one is pass by reference . Reference variable is another name for a existing variable. Once a reference variable is initialized the reference name may be used to refer to the variable. A reference must be initialized when it is created.You can't have NULL references. You must always be able to assume that a reference is connected to a legitimate piece of storage.Once a reference is initialized to an object, it cannot be changed to refer to another object. & operator use to declare reference variable which is use to store variable value, you can access the value of the variable by using original variable name or by using the reference variable. Syntax of Reference  variable  is very simple //variable initialization int vari = 10; //simp...